Although Kenya faces uphill battle in poverty fight, job creation, fundamental engines of economy are robust.
Last week the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) released the Economic Survey 2018 providing data on the economy for 2017. There are several data sets that should be noted and inform economic strategy going forward.
Firstly, the economy is estimated to have expanded by 4.9 per cent in 2017 compared to a revised growth of 5.9 per cent in 2016; that is a reduction of one percentage point year-on-year.
This is unsurprising and in fact good news because previous analysis indicates that the economy tends to slow down in an election year by about 1.2-1.4 per cent.
Thus, a reduction by a point, particularly in a drought and election year, indicates the fundamental engines of the economy are robust.
Secondly, GDP per capita increased from Sh158,575.5 in 2016 to Sh166,314.4 2017. Inflation aside, the increase in per capita is good news and indicates that on the whole, economic growth is rising faster than the population thereby leading to net growth in income.
However, poverty remains prevalent thereby implying the inequality remains a core problem in the country.
The survey shared insights for the 2015/16 Household Survey which indicated that food poverty stood at 32.0 per cent of the population (14.5 million people), overall poverty at 36.1 per cent (16.4 million people) and hard-core poverty at 8.6 per cent in 2015/16 (3.9 million people); in all cases poverty is higher in rural than urban areas.
This indicates that the rural-urban wealth divide is real and will likely continue to catalyse rural-urban migration as Kenyans move to towns and cities in search of higher incomes.
Thirdly, the informal sector continues to employ most Kenyans and accounted for 83.4 per cent of total employment; this is down from about 89 per cent last year.
Informal employment tends to be of lower quality than formal employment in terms of wages, job security, and working conditions. Thus, the bulk of Kenyans continue to work in a sector that is precarious and may very well negatively inform the quality of their lives.
Fourthly, data of exports paints an interesting picture in that top export earners were tea, horticulture, articles of apparel and clothing accessories, coffee and titanium ores and concentrates. Thus Kenya’s exports continue to be dominated by agricultural products and products with limited value addition.
Further, Africa remained the leading destination of Kenya’s exports, accounting for 37.7 per cent of total exports in 2017, with East African Community (EAC) accounting for more than half of total exports to Africa.
What this means is that Kenya’s exports mainly go to countries with low GDP per capita that informs spending power and aggregate demand.
It is important that the country restructures exports such that they are more sophisticated and target countries with higher incomes so that exports become a stronger engine for job creation and income growth.
Finally, the manufacturing sector real value added rose by 0.2 per cent in 2017 compared to a growth of 2.7 per cent in 2016. The sector’s formal employment rose to 303,300 persons in 2017 and accounted for 11.4 per cent of the total formal employment.
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