Kenya's rapid urbanisation takes toll on Maasai communal land

Cows roam in Kitengela town, around 30 km south of the capital Nairobi. PHOTO | SHADRACK KAVILU

KITENGELA, Kenya, It's just before sunset, the time of day when Maasai herdsman Josphat Ole Tonkei would have been counting his herd of cows after hours in the grazing fields, a few years ago.

Today Tonkei must wait until darkness to perform the check. The routes to grazing fields and water points have been blocked and he has to take a long, alternative route to reach his "Manyatta", or homestead, where he counts his herd.

PAYE Tax Calculator

Note: The results are not exact but very close to the actual.