Kenya’s water sector has made significant institutional progress over the last two decades, particularly following the reforms introduced under the Water Act 2002 and later strengthened through the Water Act 2016. Yet despite these reforms, many water service providers struggle with persistent operational, financial, and governance challenges.
As urban populations grow, climate variability intensifies, and public expectations increase, the issue of water utility performance can no longer be treated as a purely technical matter. It has become a central governance and development concern.
