Internal or external? What to consider when deciding on firm learning

Kenya’s county leaders are learning that fixing public services takes more than effort — it requires smart structures that foster learning and adaptability.

Photo credit: Shutterstock

Mwanaisha leads a county works unit at the Kenyan Coast. She has started confronting a growing backlog in service failures after the rainy season exposed old infrastructure weaknesses.

She rushes to split her department into two new teams and then signs hurried contractor agreements for repair runs, but without first agreeing to how to handle handoffs or successful transition indicators.

PAYE Tax Calculator

Note: The results are not exact but very close to the actual.