Katiba @ 16: Reclaiming promise of public participation in Constitution

Mwai Kibaki

The late President Mwai Kibaki during the promulgation of the Constitution on August 27, 2010. 

Photo credit: File | Nation Media Group

The Constitution of Kenya 2010 is celebrated as a transformative charter, and few provisions capture that ambition better than Article 10, which makes public participation a national value. Its promise was simple: state authority would no longer be exercised over citizens, but with them.

Public participation was meant to turn Kenyans from passive observers into active partners in governance.

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Note: The results are not exact but very close to the actual.